Iingcali zenzululwazi zenze iplastiki elingana nentsimbi - eyomeleleyo kodwa ayinzima.Iiplastiki, ezo khemisti ngamanye amaxesha zibiza iipolymers, ziyiklasi yeemolekyuli ze-long-chain ezenziwe ngeeyunithi eziphindaphindiweyo ezibizwa ngokuba yi-monomers.Ngokungafaniyo neepolymers zangaphambili zamandla afanayo, izinto ezintsha kuphela. Iza nge-membrane ifom.Iphinde ibe namaxesha angama-50 ngaphezu kweplastiki engenamanzi kwimarike.Enye inkalo ephawulekayo yale polima kukulula kwayo ukudibanisa. Inkqubo, eyenzeka kwiqondo lokushisa, ifuna kuphela izinto ezincinci, kwaye i-polymer inokuveliswa ngobuninzi kumaphepha amakhulu ane-nanometers kuphela.
Izinto ezibuzwayo zibizwa ngokuba yi-polyamide, inethiwekhi enentambo yeeyunithi ze-amide molecular (i-amides ngamaqela ekhemikhali ye-nitrogen edityaniswe ne-oxygen-bond athom ye-carbon) .Ezo polymers ziquka i-Kevlar, i-fiber esetyenziselwa ukwenza i-bulletproof vests, kunye ne-Nomex, i-fire- Ilaphu elixhathisayo.NjengoKevlar, iimolekyuli ze-polyamide kwizinto ezintsha zidityaniswe omnye komnye ngamabhondi e-hydrogen kunye nobude bonke bamatyathanga abo, okwandisa amandla onke ezinto eziphathekayo.
"Banamathela kunye njengeVelcro," watsho umbhali okhokelayo uMichael Strano, i-MIT yeekhemikhali injineli.Izixhobo zokukrazula azifuni nje ukuphula amakhonkco e-molecular, kodwa ziphinde zinqobe i-giant intermolecular hydrogen bonds ezityhutyha yonke i-polymer bundle.
Ukongezelela, i-polymers entsha inokwenza ngokuzenzekelayo i-flakes.Oku kwenza ukuba izinto zibe lula ukuqhutyelwa, njengoko zinokwenziwa kwiifilimu ezincinci okanye zisetyenziswe njenge-coating yefilimu encinci. ikhonkco kwimilinganiselo emithathu, kungakhathaliseki ukuba i-orientation.Kodwa iipholima ze-Strano zikhula ngendlela ekhethekileyo kwi-2D ukwenza i-nanosheets.
“Ungakwazi ukuhlanganisa ephepheni?Kuyavela ukuba, kwiimeko ezininzi, awunakuyenza de ube ngumsebenzi wethu,” utshilo uStrano.” Ke, sifumene isixhobo esitsha.Kulo msebenzi wamva nje, iqela lakhe liwoyisile umqobo ukwenza olu hlanganiso lunamacala mabini lwenzeke.
Isizathu sokuba i-polyaramides ibe nolwakhiwo olucwangcisiweyo kukuba i-polymer synthesis ibandakanya indlela ebizwa ngokuba yi-autocatalytic templating: njengoko i-polymer ikhula kwaye inamathela kwiibhloko zokwakha ze-monomer, uthungelwano olukhulayo lwepolymer lubangela ukuba ii-monomers ezilandelayo zidibanise kuphela kwicala elifanelekileyo ukomeleza umanyano lwe-polymer. Ulwakhiwo olune-dimensional.Abaphandi babonise ukuba banokugquma ngokulula i-polymer kwisisombululo kwi-wafers ukudala i-intshi ebanzi laminates ngaphantsi kwee-nanometers ezi-4.
Ukulinganisa iimpawu zemishini yezinto zepolymer, abaphandi balinganisa amandla afunekayo ukukhupha imingxuma kwiphepha lezinto eziphathekayo kunye nenaliti ecikizekileyo. kuthatha amandla aphindwe kabini ukukhulula le polyamide eyomeleleyo njengentsimbi yobunzima obufanayo.Ngokutsho kweStrano, le nto inokusetyenziswa njengento yokukhusela kwimigangatho yesinyithi, efana neenqwelo zemoto, okanye njengesihluzo sokucoca amanzi. Kumsebenzi wokugqibela, i-membrane yesihluzi esifanelekileyo kufuneka ibe bhityile kodwa yomelele ngokwaneleyo ukuze imelane noxinzelelo oluphezulu ngaphandle kokuvuza okuncinci, ungcoliseko oluyinkathazo kunikezelo lwethu lokugqibela- olufanelekileyo olu lwazi lwepolyamide.
Kwixesha elizayo, uStrano unethemba lokwandisa indlela yokwenza iipolymers ezahlukeneyo ngaphaya kwale analog yeKevlar.Khawufane ucinge ukuguqula iintlobo ezininzi zeepolymers, kwanezinye ezingaqhelekanga ezinokuqhuba umbane okanye ukukhanya, zibe ziifilimu ezibhityileyo ezinokugubungela umphezulu ohlukeneyo, wongezelela. Utshilo uStano.
Ehlabathini elijikelezwe ngeeplastiki, uluntu lunesizathu sokuvuyela enye i-polymer entsha eneempawu zoomatshini ziyinto eqhelekileyo, uStrano uthe.Le aramid iqinile ngokugqithisileyo, oku kuthetha ukuba sinokuthatha indawo yeplastiki yemihla ngemihla, ukusuka kwiipeyinti ukuya kwiingxowa ukuya kwipakethe yokutya, kunye nezixhobo ezincinci kunye ezinamandla.I-Strano yongezelela ukuba kwimbono yozinzo, le polymer enamandla kakhulu ye-2D linyathelo elichanekileyo lokukhulula ihlabathi kwiplastiki.
U-Shi En Kim (njengoko edla ngokubizwa ngokuba nguKim) ngumbhali wesayensi ozelwe eMalaysia kunye ne-Popular Science Spring 2022 intern yokuhlela. Ubhale kakhulu kwizihloko ezisusela kusetyenziso oluntsonkothileyo lwe-cobwebs-abantu okanye izigcawu ngokwazo-ukuya kubaqokeleli benkunkuma. kwindawo engaphandle.
Isiphekepheke sikaBoeing's Starliner asikafiki kwiSikhululo saMajukujuku saMazwe ngaMazwe, kodwa iingcali zinethemba lenqwelomoya yovavanyo lwesithathu.
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Ixesha lokuposa: May-19-2022